修补墙（（1914)
The opening poem of Frost’s hailed second collection,波士顿以北“修补墙”是他最受欢迎和著名的诗之一。大量的选集，这首诗几乎象征着弗罗斯特（Frost）。弗罗斯特（Frost）在这首诗的第一个出版物将近50年后，在1962年访问莫斯科时说：“人们经常误解[诗]或误解了这首诗。我保留的含义的秘密。”他提供了一些提示，他还曾经解释说，这首诗与两种类型的人进行了对比：“我在那里有一个男人。他既是墙壁建造者，又是墙面销售商。他建立界限，打破了界限。那是男人”（“诗歌”）。
The poem opens with the statement, “Something there is that doesn’t love a wall,” and Frost’s readers are left to speculate for the remainder of the poem precisely what that something is. Winter does not love a wall, we learn in the second line; it creates gaps in the wall. The ground swells and the less securely placed boulders tumble off. The speaker explains that hunters are also sometimes responsible for the gaps. When they are chasing a rabbit to “please the yelping dogs,” but mostly themselves, they too have been known to send boulders tumbling.
但是，差距是神秘的。冬天和猎人是建议：没有人真正听到他们或看到差距。直到春天，说话者和他的邻居仪式性地在墙上相遇进行修补时，他们才发现差距并着手填补他们。两人一起走，他们之间的墙壁，取代了冬季遗忘的巨石，当时没有有理由冒险驶向墙壁。
修补墙需要工作，但也有一种巫术。有时，甚至需要施放咒语才能使巨石平衡：“呆在您的位置，直到我们的后背转！”
A game is made of mending the wall; it becomes almost a country version of bowls. The speaker remarks that mending the wall essentially “comes to little more” than a game, since the wall itself is unnecessary. Neither neighbor has on his property anything that would disturb the other’s. One has pine trees and one has apple, but neither has livestock. As the speaker teasingly tells his neighbor: “My apple trees will never get across / And eat the cones under his pines.” The wall mending is not about keeping things out, the speaker explains, raising the question whether it is about keeping things in.
The other neighbor is cryptic when the speaker, the forthright one, questions him about the purpose of the wall. He simply responds with his father’s old saying: “Good fences make good neighbors.” This becomes his mantra, the only words we hear from him. The speaker acts as though his own questions are about making mischief more than anything else, which suggests he already knows the answers to them. They are questions anyone might be expected to ask about such a wall, and not just in the mischief of spring; there is something more to it than that. The speaker wants to know why good fences make good neighbors. He is curious, inquiring, and reflective. The neighbor is cast as his opposite: someone who does not ask questions and is content to accept what has always been. He is unreflective, simply parroting back the phrase he learned from his father, carrying out his generation’s duty without question.
The speaker continues to question, despite his neighbor’s lack of interest. Frost teases as the speaker wonders, “to whom I was like to give offense.” He puns on the word offense, another part of the game in and of the poem. The speaker continues to want to know what the “Something there is” is, and he is not content to let it be. The most telling and coy lines are “I could say ‘Elves’ to him, / But it’s not elves exactly, and I’d rather he said it himself.” The suggestion is subtle, but the speaker clearly knows who undoes the wall. The lines suggest that the “elf” who leaves gaps in the wall is the neighbor himself, as if the speaker knows something about the neighbor he is unwilling to admit. At the least, it suggests that the speaker wants the neighbor to admit that deep down he also does not love the wall. The speaker suggests that the thing that does not love a wall is actually the very thing that does. It seems that the neighbor may take down the wall just so they can engage in the game of putting it back together again. A visual is presented for the reader: “I see him there / Bringing a stone grasped firmly by the top,” and the speaker remarks, “He moves in darkness it seems to me, / Not of woods only and the shade of trees.” The sort of darkness his neighbor moves in is metaphorical. He may remove boulders in the dark, but he also moves in another kind of darkness. The neighbor moves not only in nature’s darkness but in the darkness that keeps him from more meaningful human connections. It is his lack of reflection, his lonely isolation of the sort encouraged by his father’s saying. Yet each spring he needs to meet with his neighbor once again to enact this ritual of building up together the wall that separates them.
墙不是大自然的东西。它们是人类的事物，是为了使邻居与众不同，但是在这种情况下，墙也将它们融合在一起。在弗罗斯特（Frost）的“道路中间”中，在文明与自然之间存在分裂。邻居化身。
The two types of people are highlighted throughout but even more so in the irony of the second-tolast line: “he likes having thought of it so well.” It seems that those who move in darkness believe that their thoughts are original when they really are not. The individual is simply following what came before, seeing neither “out far or in deep,” being narrowed by custom, embracing it without question. The speaker is presented, in contrast, as the reflective and questioning freethinker.
The wall is being mended throughout the poem, but it is also a mending wall, doing its own mending. It is providing both characters with human contact as they wear their fingers rough by handling the stones. It takes a lot of effort to keep the wall there, but it seems to fulfill its complex function.
弗罗斯特（Frost）在1932年5月给他的朋友路易斯·乌尼尔（Louis Untermeyer）的一封信中写道，他“赞成皮肤，篱笆和关税墙”（Cramer，133）。
马克·理查森（Mark Richardson）认为，演讲者是“显然是两个思想：一次墙壁建造者和壁式拆除者，同时abetor和季节性熵的对手”（142）。理查森（Richardsonalmost获得了乡村脚步的指标空气”（142）。他说：“修补墙”“立即承认墙壁（和格言）的局限性以及它们的诱惑和价值。”
“修补墙”首次出版波士顿以北. Jeffrey Cramer reports that Frost once referred to the poem as “Building Wall” in a letter to Sydney Cox in 1915 (30). In Frost’s “On Taking Poetry,” his 1955 address to the Bread Loaf School of English, he said that the poem is “about a spring occupation in my day. When I was farming seriously we had to set the wall up every year. You don’t do that any more. You run a strand of barbed wire along it and let it go at that. We used to set the wall up. If you see a wall well set up you know it’s owned by a lawyer in New York—not a real farmer.” See WALLS.
进一步阅读
Attebery，Louie W.“栅栏，民间传说和罗伯特·弗罗斯特（Robert Frost）”，《西北民间传说》 6，第1期。2（1988春季）：53-57。克拉克（Clarke），彼得·B（Peter B.1（1984年秋季）：48–50。Coulthard，A。R.“ Frost的'修订墙'，”阐释器45，第1期。2（1987年冬季）：40–42。克莱默（Cramer），杰弗里·罗伯特（Jeffrey S.北卡罗来纳州杰斐逊：麦克法兰，1996年。3（1988年3月）：58-63。理查森，马克。 The Ordeal of Robert Frost: The Poet and His Poetics. Chicago, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1997, 141–144. Timmerman, John H. Robert Frost: The Ethics of Ambiguity. Lewisburg, Pa.: Bucknell University Press, 2002, 116–118. Trachtenberg, Zev. “Good Fences Make Good Neighbors: Frost’s ‘Mending Wall,’ ” Philosophy and Literature 21, no. 1 (April 1997): 114–122.
类别：美国文学，，，，Literary Criticism，，，，Literature，，，，Modernism，，，，Poetry
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