“意图谬误”是新批评主义的一个批判概念，是由文萨特和比尔兹利在一篇文章中提出的口头上的图标（1946年）作为在解释文学作品时试图了解作者意图的错误。Claiming that it is fallacious to base a critical judgement about the meaning or value of a literary work on “external evidences” concerning the author’s intention, Wimstt and Beardsley held that “the design or intention of the author is neither available nor desirable as a standard for judging the success of a work of literary art.” This is closely associated with the New Critical notion of the “autotetic text”, according to which the meaning of a work is contained solely within the work itself, and any attempt to understand the author’s intention violates the autonomy of the work. TS Eliot-in “传统与个人才能(1919)认为，“诚实的批评和敏感的欣赏，指向的不是诗人，而是诗歌。”无论是在风格上还是在概念上，意图谬误都反对浪漫主义文学作为个人表达工具的观念。随着结构主义和后结构主义进入文学领域，文学开始被视为一种纯粹的语言人工制品，而Barthesian的“作者之死”概念则强烈强调了故意谬误。

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